Minna no Nihongo Lesson 45 Grammar V dictionary form Vた-form Vない-formない い-adj (～い) な-adjな Nの 場合は、～   ～ばあいはis an expression used to talk about a hypothetical situation. The sentence after it indicates how to cope with such a situation or its consequence. ばあいはfollows either verbs, adjectives or nouns. Because ばあいis …

Minna no Nihongo Lesson 44 Grammar Vます-form い-adj (～い) な-adj [な] すぎます   ～すぎますindicates that the degree of an action or a state is excessive. Therefore, it is usually used with reference to undesirable states. ゆうべお酒を飲みすぎました。 I drank too much last night. このセーターは大きすぎます。 This sweater is too large (for me). …

Minna no Nihongo Lesson 43 Grammar Vます-form い-adj（～い） な-adj [な] そうです looks like   When the look of a thing leads you to a supposition, you can state your supposition using this sentence pattern. The supposition is basically based on the appearance of a thing, a person, scene, etc. 1) Vます-formそうです …

Minna no Nihongo Lesson 42 Grammar V dictionary form Nの ために、～ in order to V for N   This sentence pattern indicates a purpose. 自分の店を持つために、貯金しています。 I am saving money in order to have my own shop. 引っ越しのために、車を借ります。 I will rent a car for the move. N のためにis also used to …

Minna no Nihongo Lesson 41 Grammar Expressions for giving and receiving In Lesson 7 and 24, you learned expressions for the giving and receiving of things and actions. In this lesson, you will learn other expressions for giving and receiving things and actions, but these reflect the relationship between the …

Minna no Nihongo Lesson 40 Grammar Interrogative + plain form + か、～ な-adj / N：～だ  → ～な A question with an interrogative is used as a component of a sentence in this sentence pattern. JL107便は何時に到着するか、調べてください。 Please check what time JL107 will arrive. 結婚のお祝いは何がいいか、話しています。 We are talking about what to give as a …

Minna no Nihongo Lesson 39 Grammar Vて-form Vない-formなくて い-adj (～い) → ～くて な-adj [な] → で 、～   In this sentence pattern, the first part of the sentence presents a cause and the second part presents the consequence produced by the cause. Unlike ～からthat you learned in Lesson 9, this pattern has …

Minna no Nihongo Lesson 38 Grammar V plain formの Attach the particle のto the plain form of a verb and you can nominalize the phrase accompanying that verb. V dictionary formのは adjectiveです テニスはおもしろいです。(*) Tennis is fun. テニスをするのはおもしろいです。(**) Playing tennis is fun. テニスを見るのはおもしろいです。(***) Watching tennis is fun. (*) simply refers to tennis …

Minna no Nihongo Lesson 37 Grammar Passive verbs How to make passive verbs Passive verbs polite form plain form I かきます かかれます かかれる II ほめます ほめられます ほめられる III きます します こられます されます こられる される All passive verbs are Group II verbs; they conjugate into the dictionary form, ない-form, て-form, etc. …

Minna no Nihongo Lesson 36 Grammar V1 dictionary form V1ない-formない ように、V2  V1 indicates a purpose or an aim, while V2 indicates a volitional action to get closer to that objective. 速く泳げるように、毎日練習しています。 I practice every day so that I can swim fast. 忘れないように、メモしてください。 Please take a memo so that you will not forget. The …