Minna No Nihongo Grammar Lesson 16

Minna No Nihongo Grammar Lesson 16

1. V て-form

To connect verb sentences, the て-form is used. When two or more actions take place in succession, the actions are mentioned in the order of occurrence by using the て-form. The tense of sentence is determined by the tense form of the last verb in the sentence.

朝ジョギングをしてシャワーを浴びて、会社へ行きます。

In the morning, I jog, take a shower and go to the office.

神戸へいって映画を見て、お茶を飲みました。

I went to Kobe, saw a movie and drank tea.

2. い-adj =>くて、

When joining an い-adjective sentence to another sentence, take away the い from the い-adjective and attach くて。

おおき-い => おおきくて

ちいさ-い => ちいさくて

い-い => よくて

ミラーさんは若くて元気です。

Mr Miller is young and lively.

きのうは天気がよくて、暑かったです。

Yesterday it was fine and hot.

3. N・なadj + で,~

When joining noun sentences or な-adjective sentences, です is changed to で.

カリナさんはインドネシア人で京都大学の留学生です。

Ms Karina is an Indonesian and a student of Kyoto University.

ミラーさんはハンサムで親切です。

Mr Miller is handsome and kind.

奈良は静かで、きれいな街です。

Nara is a quiet and beautiful city.

[Note 1] The above structures can be used not only for connecting sentences relating to the same topic but also sentences with different topics.

カリナさんは学生で、マリアさんは主婦です。

Ms Karina is a student and Maria is a housewife.

[Note 2] This method cannot connect sentences of contradictory notion. In that case が is used .

X : この部屋は狭くて、きれいです。

O :この部屋は狭いですが、きれいです。This room is small but clean.

4. V1 て-form から V2.

This sentence pattern indicates that upon completion of the action denoted by V1 the action of V2 os to be conducted. The tense of the sentence is determined bu the tense form of the last verb in the sentence.

国へ帰ってから父の会社で働きます。

I will work for my father’s company after going back to my country.

コンサートが終わってから、レストランで食事します。

We ate at a restaurant after the concert was over.

[Note] The subject of a subordinate clause is indicated by が, as shown in the example sentence.

5. N1はN2が adjective

This sentence pattern is used to describe an attribute of a thing or a person. The topic of the sentence is denoted by は, N1 is the topic of the sentence. N2 is the subject of the adjective’s description.

大阪は食べ物がおいしいです。

Food is tasty in Osaka.

ドイツのフランケンはワインが有名です

Franken in Germany produces famous wine.

マリアさんは髪が長いです。

Maria has long hair.

6. どうやって

どうやってis used to ask the way or the method of doing something. To answer such a question, the pattern learned in 1. is used.

大学までどうやって行きますか。

京都駅から１６番のバスに乗って、大学前で降ります。

How do you go to your university?

…I take a No.16 bus from Kyoto Station and get off at the front of the university.

7. どのN

You learned in lesson 2 that この、その and あの modify nouns. The interrogative word used in this system is どの。どの is used to ask the listener to define one among more than two which are concretely presented.

サントスさんはどの人ですか。

…あの背が高くて、髪が黒いです。

Which one is Mr. Santos?

…That tall man with black hair.

Related Post:
Minna No Nihongo Grammar Lesson 17
Minna No Nihongo Lesson 16 Vocabulary