Minna No Nihongo Grammar Lesson 34

Minna No Nihongo Grammar Lesson 34

1. V₁ dictionary form / V₁た-form / Nの +とおりに、V2

1) V₁とおりに、V₂

This means to copy exactly in words or actions (V₂) what one has heard, seen, read or learnt, etc. (V₁).

わたしがやるとおりに、やってください。

Please do as I do.

わたしが言うとおりに、書いてください。

Please write down what I say as it is.

見たとおりに、話してください。

Please tell us what you saw as it was.

The dictionary form is used when the action denoted by V₁ is going to be done from now, and the た-form is used when the action denoted by V₁ has already been done.

2) Nのとおりに、 V

This means that an action (V) is done in accordance with the manner shown by the preceding phrase.

線のとおりに、紙を切ってください。

Please cut the paper following the line.

説明書のとおりに、組み立てました。

I assembled it according to the handbook.

2. V₁た-form / Nの + あとで、V₂

This sentence pattern means the action or occurrence denoted by V₂ takes place after the action or occurrence denoted by V¹ or N has taken place.

新しいのを買ったあとで、なくした時計が見つかりました。

After I bought a new watch, I found the one I’d lost.

仕事のあとで、飲みに行きませんか。

Shall we go and have a drink after work?

Compared with Vて-formから, which has a similar meaning, Vた-form あとでemphasizes the time context in which the respective events happen.

3. V₁て-form / V₁ない-formないで + V₂

V₁ is an action or condition which accompanies the action denoted by V₂.

しょうゆをつけて食べます。

We eat it with soy sauce.

しょうゆをつけないで食べます。

We eat it without soy sauce.

4. V₁ない-form ないで + V₂

This pattern is used when the speaker indicates a course of action taken out of two alternative possibilities presented.

日曜日はどこも行かないで、うちでゆっくり休みます。

Next Sunday I won’t go anywhere. I will rest at home instead.

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Minna No Nihongo Grammar Lesson 35
Minna No Nihongo Lesson 34 Vocabulary